Digital animation types and techniques

Different types of animation

  • 2D Animation( vector based CGI)
  • 3D Animation
  • Stop Motion
  • Traditional animation
  • Computer animation

Animation techniques
Line drawing
cell animation
hand drawn
Rotoscoping
Live action
Stop motion
Claymation
2D/3D (CGI)


Line drawing 
A hand drawn sketch that moves frame by frame so that the shape evolves and moves

It is commonly used in contemporary advertising

Line drawings, today are generally created using adobe illustrator, adobe flash and Lightbox

Scalable vector graphics (SVGs) are animated by code

Line boils
you take a static drawing and repeat it


Cel Animation
Short for celluloid animation

Many Disney films especially the early ones, were created this way.

A  cel is a celluloid sheet- a transparent sheet onto the characters and scenery aredrawn or painted. This is traditionally done by hand

Development vs run time 
The run time of a animation is often disproportionate to the length of time it takes to produce

In terms of frames, if you are producing a three minute animation, with a standard 24 fps it would take 4320 separate drawing or movements
 For a 90 mi note feature this would equate to around 129,600 drawings.


Rotoscoping
Traditional rotoscoping involved a a stand called a rotoscope – this was used to project sequences of moving images against a surface so that a set of animation frames could be traced over them. The ‘roto’ prefix refers to the rotation of the image.


Contemporary Rotoscoping

Silhouette, Adobe Premiere or Final Cut Pro can be used to do the same work digitally. 


Digital rotoscoping is used to create a matte or mask for an element so that it can be extracted to be placed on a  different background, or masked out so that the colours can be changed. 

The artist will trace an object using a set of tools within the compositing software.
Live Action Animation
In which non-animated characters interact with animated characters.
Famously used in Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) and Space Jam (1996).
Can also be seen in Mary Poppins (1964)







Stop Motion and Claymation

Bringing inanimate objects to life.
This is achieved meticulously, by moving the object incrementally and photographing it. In this way, it seems as if the object itself is moving when the frames are played sequentially.








Computer-generated Imagery (CGI)
When digital technology and software is used to generate animated images and graphics.
CGI refers to static scenes and moving characters, while computer animation refers only to moving characters/scenes.
3D animation is used in a lot of blockbusters to make characters seem more rounded (Pixar and Toy Story, for example)



rendering
The process of generating an image from a 2D or 3D model via the use of computer programs.
Tweening
When frames between two key movements are generated in digital animation to give a smooth appearance.

Chroma key
A special effects technique for layering two images or video streams together. The subject is filmed on blue or green screen. During post-production, the background is removed and replaced with CGI



















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